Navigation device and method

ABSTRACT

A method of operating a PND or navigation system is described, together with a PND or navigation system for performing such a method. The PND or navigation system includes memory storing map data consisting of base map data files, a display, GPS signal reception and processing device, such together forming a basis for navigation, route guidance, and map information display. In at least one embodiment, the method includes correlating the current location with the map data to derive map-specific parameters for that location and comparing the map-specific parameters with a motion-specific parameter, a vehicle-specific parameter, or the current location to determine whether the current location, motion or vehicle-related characteristic is permissible or appropriate therefore; and in the event that the current location, motion, or vehicle-related characteristic and derived map-specific parameter are seemingly at odds with one another, performing at least one secondary action. The secondary action may include but is not limited to the issuing of an approve/reject prompt to the user, or the automatic creation, modification or deletion of a new or pre-existing correction.

BACKROUND OF THE INVENTION

Portable navigation devices (PNDs) including GPS (Global PositioningSystem) signal reception and processing means are well known and arewidely employed as in-car navigation systems. In essence, modern PNDscomprise:

-   -   a processor,    -   memory (at least one of volatile and non-volatile, and commonly        both),    -   map data stored within said memory,    -   a software operating system and optionally one or more        additional programs executing thereon, to control the        functionality of the device and provide various features,    -   a GPS antenna by which satellite-broadcast signals including        location data can be received and subsequently processed to        determine a current location of the device,    -   optionally, electronic gyroscopes and accelerometers which        produce signals capable of being processed to determine the        current angular and linear acceleration, and in turn, and in        conjunction with location information derived from the GPS        signal, velocity and relative displacement of the device and        thus the vehicle in which it is mounted,    -   input and output means, examples including a visual display        (which may be touch sensitive to allow for user input), one or        more physical buttons to control on/off operation or other        features of the device, a speaker for audible output,    -   optionally one or more physical connectors by means of which        power and optionally one or more data signals can be transmitted        to and received from the device, and    -   optionally one or more wireless transmitters/receivers to allow        communication over mobile telecommunications and other signal        and data networks, for example Wi-Fi, Wi-Max GSM and the like.

The utility of the PND is manifested primarily in its ability todetermine a route between a start or current location and a destination,which can be input by a user of the computing device, by any of a widevariety of different methods, for example by postcode, street name andnumber, and previously stored well known, favourite or recently visiteddestinations. Typically, the PND is enabled by software for computing a“best” or “optimum” route between the start and destination addresslocations from the map data. A “best” or “optimum” route is determinedon the basis of predetermined criteria and need not necessarily be thefastest or shortest route. The selection of the route along which toguide the driver can be very sophisticated, and the selected route maytake into account existing, predicted and dynamically and/or wirelesslyreceived traffic and road information, historical information about roadspeeds, and the driver's own preferences for the factors determiningroad choice. In addition, the device may continually monitor road andtraffic conditions, and offer to or choose to change the route overwhich the remainder of the journey is to be made due to changedconditions. Real time traffic monitoring systems, based on varioustechnologies (e.g. mobile phone calls, fixed cameras, GPS fleettracking) are being used to identify traffic delays and to feed theinformation into notification systems.

The navigation device may typically be mounted on the dashboard of avehicle, but may also be formed as part of an on-board computer of thevehicle or car radio. The navigation device may also be (part of) ahand-held system, such as a PDA (Personal Navigation Device) a mediaplayer, a mobile phone or the like, and in these cases, the normalfunctionality of the hand-held system is extended by means of theinstallation of software on the device to perform both route calculationand navigation along a calculated route. In any event, once a route hasbeen calculated, the user interacts with the navigation device to selectthe desired calculated route, optionally from a list of proposed routes.Optionally, the user may intervene in, or guide the route selectionprocess, for example by specifying that certain routes, roads, locationsor criteria are to be avoided or are mandatory for a particular journey.The route calculation aspect of the PND forms one primary functionprovided, and the navigation along such a route is another primaryfunction. During navigation along a calculated route, the PND providesvisual and/or audible instructions to guide the user along a chosenroute to the end of that route, that is the desired destination. It isusual for PNDs to display map information on-screen during thenavigation, such information regularly being updated on-screen so thatthe map information displayed is representative of the current locationof the device, and thus of the user or user's vehicle if the device isbeing used for in-car navigation. An icon displayed on-screen typicallydenotes the current device location, and is centred with the mapinformation of current and surrounding roads and other map featuresbeing also displayed. Additionally, navigation information may bedisplayed, optionally in a status bar above, below or to one side of thedisplayed map information, examples of navigation information includingthe distance to the next deviation from the current road required to betaken by the user, the nature of that deviation possibly beingrepresented by a further icon suggestive of the particular type ofdeviation, for example a left or right turn. The navigation functionalso determines the content, duration and timing of audible instructionsby means of which the user can be guided along the route. As can beappreciated a simple instruction such as “turn left in 100 m” requiressignificant processing and analysis. As previously mentioned, userinteraction with the device may be by a touch screen, or additionally oralternately by steering column mounted remote control, by voiceactivation or by any other suitable method.

A further important function provided by the device is automatic routere-calculation in the event that

-   -   a user deviates from the previously calculated route during        navigation therealong,    -   real-time traffic conditions dictate that an alternative route        would be more expedient and the device is suitably enabled to        recognize such conditions automatically, or    -   if a user actively causes the device to perform route        re-calculation for any reason.

It is also known to allow a route to be calculated with user definedcriteria; for example, the user may prefer a scenic route to becalculated by the device, or may wish to avoid any roads on whichtraffic congestion is likely, expected or currently prevailing. Thedevice software would then calculate various routes and weigh morefavourably those that include along their route the highest number ofpoints of interest (known as POIs) tagged as being for example of scenicbeauty, or, using stored information indicative of prevailing trafficconditions on particular roads, order the calculated routes in terms ofa level of likely congestion or delay on account thereof. OtherPOI-based and traffic information-based route calculation and navigationcriteria are also possible.

Although the route calculation and navigation functions are fundamentalto the overall utility of PNDs, it is possible to use the device purelyfor information display, or “free-driving”, in which only mapinformation relevant to the current device location is displayed, and inwhich no route has been calculated and no navigation is currently beingperformed by the device. Such a mode of operation is often applicablewhen the user already knows the route along which it is desired totravel and does not require navigation assistance.

Current map data providing companies such as TeleAtlas NV and NavTeq®produce digital map data in the form of one or more base data files fromwhich the PND extracts information which is used in the creation ofgraphical representations of geographical features, such as roads,buildings, railroads, and other landmarks and POIs. This information isdisplayed on the screen of the device, and is refreshed almostcontinuously, to provide the user with a continuously changing map ofthe current location and surrounding area with reference to a generallystationery graphical vehicle indicator also displayed in the middle ofthe screen. The extent of the detail shown in the map is dependent onmany factors including the particular scale of the map chosen by theuser, the speed of travel, and of course the level of detail provided bythe underlying map data files in use for the particular locality inwhich the device is currently situated. For example, only relativelylittle information may be displayed on the screen of the device when theuser is traveling on a motorway through countryside, whereas relativelymuch greater levels of detail may be provided on-screen when the user istraveling through a city on congested roads, and thus quite slowly.

In this latter scenario, the navigation functionality provided by thedevice is enhanced by the display of more detailed information on-screenon account of the greater likelihood that the user can correlateroad-side or road-based features displayed on-screen with thecorresponding physical features which he can see as he drives along theparticular road or roads in question. One disadvantage with current mapprovider-originated data files is that their level of detail onlyincreases with every successive version release. As such, these occuronly relatively infrequently, and therefore it is possible for mapinformation to be outdated by changes in road layouts and theimplementation of access limitations often occurring in cities and to alesser extent, in extra-urban regions. Additionally, map data does notgenerally include transient road alterations, such as may be caused byroad works, carriageway reductions or alterations, or pedestrianizationof roads previously mapped as vehicular thoroughfares.

Indeed, as a result of the various processes used in the creation ofdigital map data, it is often the case that map data files installed innew PNDs and navigation systems already tend to be at least a year or soout of date by the time the device or system is delivered to the enduser. Accordingly, the present applicant has developed MapShare™technology in software provided on the device which affords the user thefacility to identify a variety of corrections for immediate orsubsequent transmission to validation, collation and/or other back-end,server-based processing at a centralized location. Transmissions of suchmap-specific, corrective information may be delivered by means ofestablishing a short-range wireless communication with a mobiletelephone, usually using a Bluetooth® protocol thus enabling the deviceto transmit such information ultimately over a mobile telecommunicationsnetwork.

Examples of the corrective information which may be stored andsubsequently transmitted from the device (all of which information beinggeospatially tagged with specific location coordinates or a range ofcoordinates where a road or road segment is identified and desired to becorrected) are:

Street unblocking/blocking (i.e. making a previously un-enterable streetenterable and vice versa), one-way direction reversal, street name dataand property number/name data, addition or removal of POIs and POI data,the identification in map data of a new street/road or the removal of amap-data identified street which no longer exists, missing, incorrect oralternative city name data, new/redundant motorway entrance/exit data,missing/incorrect postcode information, roundabout addition/deletion,and other correction data for which simple, user-enterable descriptionmay be provided and does not fit into any other categories.

Additionally, it is possible to download corrections previouslyvalidated, to a greater or lesser extent depending on variouscategorization or user trust level types, from a centralized map dataupdates location. Such corrections may be downloaded either by means ofconnection of the device using a physical to a USB cable to an internetconnected PC executing appropriate software which communicates both withthe centralized server by means over the internet and with the deviceover the cable, or wirelessly with a local mobile telephone.

Currently however, correction data which is downloaded is immediatelystored on the device and applied to the underlying map data without anyrequirement for user interaction, such correction data beingautomatically assumed by the device to represent correct information.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a PND or navigationsystem, a method of operating such, and a computer program by means ofwhich such are controlled which allows a PND or navigation system toprovide enhanced map data correction.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

According to the present invention, there is provided a method ofoperating a PND or navigation system having one or more base map datafiles to which have been applied one or more map data correction filescontaining both geospatial information and error identificationinformation, which together form a basis for navigation, route guidance,and map information display on a display screen of the PND or system,characterized in that the method includes the steps of determining acurrent or home location of the device or system and the distance ofsuch from one or more of the locations geospatially identified in themap data correction files, and effecting some alteration orqualification of the error identification either

-   -   on or after receiving a user response to a prompt output by the        device or system when said distance is less than a predetermined        threshold or the current or home location is coincident with or        proximate to one or more of the geospatially identified        locations, said prompt at least partially being representative        of the error identification, or    -   automatically when said distance is less than a predetermined        threshold or the current or home location is coincident with one        or more of the geospatially identified locations, and the        location of the device as compared to the location of the error        identification is such that the existence or absence of the        error can be automatically determined by the device without user        input.

Preferably, the prompt is a request of the user to confirm the veracityof the error identified at that geospatial location. Alternatively, theprompt may be in an approve/reject form, but in any event, the promptallows a user a simple and quick means of creating qualifyinginformation relating to a respective error identified in the map datacorrection files at that time local to the device or system.

Preferably, the qualifying information is stored on the device forsubsequent transmission by known means to a centralized map correctiondata processing, validation, collation, or other back-end facility.

Most preferably, the map data correction file or files additionallycontain qualifying information relating to each of the errors identifiedtherein, such qualifying information being in the form of a trust orother error categorization level, the method including the step ofincreasing or reducing the value of the qualifying information when auser approves or rejects a respective error, or automatically in theevent that the device travels in a manner, determinable by the device,which is automatically indicative that an error identified in the mapdata correction files is correct or incorrect.

In a preferred aspect of the invention, the method includes the step ofeffecting an automatic deletion of the error identification and thecorresponding geospatial location data in the event that either the userconfirms that the error identification is incorrect after being promptedto do so, or automatically in the event that the device determines thatthe error identification is incorrect automatically.

In an alternative aspect of the invention, there is provided a method ofoperating a PND or navigation system having

-   -   memory storing map data consisting of one or more base map data        files, optionally having one or more supplemental corrective        and/or ancillary data files applied or applicable thereto,    -   a display    -   GPS signal reception and processing means by means of which a        current location is determinable, such together forming a basis        for navigation, route guidance, and map information display on        said display,    -   optionally a sensor or an association therewith from which one        or more motion-specific parameters can be measured, calculated        or otherwise determined by said device or system, and    -   optionally a locally stored vehicle-specific parameter        indicative of a characteristic of the vehicle in which the        device or system is commonly situated,        characterized in that the method includes the steps of    -   correlating the current location with said map data to derive        one or more map-specific parameters for that location and        comparing said one or more map-specific parameters with one or        more of        -   a motion-specific parameter,        -   a vehicle-specific parameter,        -   the current location,            to determine whether the current location, motion or            vehicle-related characteristic is permissible or appropriate            therefor, and in the event that the current location,            motion, or vehicle-related characteristic and derived            map-specific parameter are seemingly at odds with one            another, performing at least one secondary action.

Preferably, the secondary action is selected from the following:

-   -   issuing a prompt to the user to confirm whether the current        location, motion or vehicle-related characteristic is        appropriate or possible or whether the result of the comparison        can be ignored,    -   issuing a warning to the user indicating the impossibility or        inappropriateness of said current location, motion, or vehicle        related characteristic as regards the map-specific parameter,    -   automatically creating a new, or altering, qualifying,        correcting or deleting a previously existing, map data        correction including at least some location information and some        correction identifying information    -   logging specific device location and map data correction        information for later verification,    -   flagging, adding meta-data to, or otherwise identifying at least        one recorded entry in GPS trace log data, such data being        commonly stored in the device during operation every few seconds        or other suitable period,    -   any combination of the above.

The usefulness of adding an identifying (bit-wise) flag and/or meta-datato GPS trace log data has the advantage for post-processing of thisdata, particularly when such data is processed to determine where theremight be issues or inconsistencies with map data. For instance, GPStrace log data from devices (usually submitted by means of downloadsfrom devices to a connected PC and thence over the internet to a backend processing facility of device/map data manufacturers) will typicallycontain only GPS data and a time stamp, or differential values for thesecharacteristics from initial GPS and time readings. As can be imagined,vast amounts of GPS trace log data may be recorded, and require lengthyand resource-hungry analysis using known map-matching techniques todetermine map errors. This process can be dramatically accelerated byonly processing GPS trace log data which has been flagged in the deviceduring recordation thereof (again using map-matching techniques). Thisbeing the case, the post-processing is restricted to only flagged data,map errors can be confirmed, verified or rejected in a much quicker timeframe. Such flagging might also usefully occur when any unexpectedautomatic route-re-planning is conducted by the device.

Preferably, the location information provided in a new map datacorrection is determined at the time of, subsequent to, or within athreshold time of, the comparison, and further preferably the correctionidentifying information provided in said new map data correctionincludes, is indicative of, is derived from, or forms the basis for, themap-specific parameter with which the current location, motion orvehicle-specific parameter was seemingly at odds.

Preferably, the motion-specific parameter is one or more of a currenttravel direction, current speed, current linear and/or angularacceleration, such being determinable by the device or system eitherfrom received GPS-signals, and/or one or more sensors provided as partof the device or system, for example a gyroscope, an accelerometer, asystem clock, or with which said device or system can communicate. In apreferred embodiment, the device or system may obtain information from avariety of sensors commonly provided within vehicles, such as a speedsensor, brake sensor, direction or heading sensor, fuel gauge, and thelike.

Accordingly, in this aspect, the invention provides a means ofautomatically creating, modifying or deleting correction data in theevent that the device itself determines that its own movement orlocation is not possible or appropriate when such movement or locationis “virtualised” in the map data stored on the device. Additionally, inthe event that one or more vehicle-specific parameters is derived fromassociated sensors, or is entered by the user locally in the device orsystem, for example on start-up, and stored in the device or systemmemory, the device can subsequently determine from map data and thecurrent location that the particular vehicle related characteristicrepresented by the vehicle-specific parameter, for example the vehicletype, width, weight, length, height, is appropriate or possible for theparticular road at that time being traveled. For instance, if:

-   -   the map data and any correction applied thereto indicates that a        road is of a particular width,    -   the locally stored vehicle-specific parameter indicates that the        current vehicle is of a greater or dangerously similar width to        that of the road as it is represented in map data, and    -   the device determines that it travels along that road,        then a deduction can automatically be made by the device or        system that the map data is in error, as the road is passable to        vehicles having a width indicated by the vehicle-specific        parameter. Accordingly, a correction may be created        automatically by the device or system, possibly upon user        approval of an approve/reject prompt issued by the device or        system, such correction including some indication of the road        traveled, and a revised permissible width.

In a further example, in the event that the device travels along aone-way street in a particular direction, both the direction of traveland current location of the device may be calculated by the device andcorrelated to the map data, from which the device can also determinethat the access direction for that street is opposite to that in whichthe device is currently traveling. In this circumstance, the device mayeither issue an immediate warning to the user, prompt the user tocorrect the map data by confirming that the access direction for thecurrent street is incorrectly identified in the map data, oradditionally or alternately, the device may automatically createcorrection data including location information specifying the street andother data identifying the fact that the map data specifies an incorrectaccess direction. It also possible for the device to determine that thecurrent speed of travel along a particular road or stretch of road isgreater than the speed restriction identified in map data for that roador stretch of road, and take appropriate automatic or prompt/responsedependent corrective action.

Thus, the map-specific parameter may be one of a thoroughfare accessrestriction, optionally based on a time of day or other criterion, aspeed restriction, a turn restriction, a calculated suitable turn ratethrough a corner, or a height/weight/width restriction.

The subsequent correction automatically created, modified or deleted mayrelate to the opening up of a previously non-existent or temporarilyclosed thoroughfare, the closure, removal, demolition or abolition of apreviously available thoroughfare and the like, an alteration of onetype of road junction to another (e.g. a road crossing being altered toa roundabout, or vice versa), the absence, omission or temporary closureof a building, POI or the like, or the addition of a new building, POI,or other premises, optionally forming part of a desired destination orwaypoint.

In a preferred arrangement, correction data is qualified by a trustlevel indicative of the nature of the correction, such trust level beingascribed on one or more of the following bases:

-   -   data originating from a base map data provider,    -   data having been verified by a device provider    -   data originating from a POI to which a subscription has been        established    -   data from a limited number of “trusted” sources    -   data having been reported by many people, or    -   data only having been reported by relatively few people, and    -   data originated by the current user.

In a yet further preferred embodiment, the correction is furtherqualified by a particular validity duration or other measure of time.

In further aspects of the invention, a computer program, embodied oncomputer readable media as required, is provided for implementing themethods described above, as is a PND and/or navigation system adapted toperform the methods described.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present application will be described in more detail below by usingexample embodiments, which will be explained with the aid of thedrawings, in which:

FIG. 1 illustrates an example view of a Global Positioning System (GPS);

FIG. 2 illustrates an example block diagram of electronic components ofa navigation device;

FIG. 3 illustrates an example block diagram of the manner in which anavigation device may receive information over a wireless communicationchannel;

FIGS. 4A and 4B are perspective views of an implementation of anembodiment of the navigation device;

FIG. 5A shows screen shots illustrating two of many possible optionswhich may be selectable on a device or system to effect operationthereof in accordance with the present invention,

FIG. 5B shows screen shots illustrating how the device or system mightprompt a user to verify a device- or system-identified correction,

FIGS. 6-11 provide further screen shots illustrating examples of thetypes of prompt which might be issued by a device or system capable ofdetermining map errors in accordance with the invention,

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIG. 1 illustrates an example view of Global Positioning System (GPS),usable by navigation devices. Such systems are known and are used for avariety of purposes. In general, GPS is a satellite-radio basednavigation system capable of determining continuous position, velocity,time, and in some instances direction information for an unlimitednumber of users. Formerly known as NAVSTAR, the GPS incorporates aplurality of satellites which work with the earth in extremely preciseorbits. Based on these precise orbits, GPS satellites can relay theirlocation to any number of receiving units.

The GPS system is implemented when a device, specially equipped toreceive GPS data, begins scanning radio frequencies for GPS satellitesignals. Upon receiving a radio signal from a GPS satellite, the devicedetermines the precise location of that satellite via one of a pluralityof different conventional methods. The device will continue scanning, inmost instances, for signals until it has acquired at least threedifferent satellite signals (noting that position is not normally, butcan be determined, with only two signals using other triangulationtechniques). Implementing geometric triangulation, the receiver utilizesthe three known positions to determine its own two-dimensional positionrelative to the satellites. This can be done in a known manner.Additionally, acquiring a fourth satellite signal will allow thereceiving device to calculate its three dimensional position by the samegeometrical calculation in a known manner. The position and velocitydata can be updated in real time on a continuous basis by an unlimitednumber of users.

As shown in FIG. 1, the GPS system is denoted generally by referencenumeral 100. A plurality of satellites 120 are in orbit about the earth124. The orbit of each satellite 120 is not necessarily synchronous withthe orbits of other satellites 120 and, in fact, is likely asynchronous.A GPS receiver 140 is shown receiving spread spectrum GPS satellitesignals 160 from the various satellites 120.

The spread spectrum signals 160, continuously transmitted from eachsatellite 120, utilize a highly accurate frequency standard accomplishedwith an extremely accurate atomic clock. Each satellite 120, as part ofits data signal transmission 160, transmits a data stream indicative ofthat particular satellite 120. It is appreciated by those skilled in therelevant art that the GPS receiver device 140 generally acquires spreadspectrum GPS satellite signals 160 from at least three satellites 120for the GPS receiver device 140 to calculate its two-dimensionalposition by triangulation. Acquisition of an additional signal,resulting in signals 160 from a total of four satellites 120, permitsthe GPS receiver device 140 to calculate its three-dimensional positionin a known manner. FIG. 2 illustrates an example block diagram ofelectronic components of a navigation device 200, in block componentformat. It should be noted that the block diagram of the navigationdevice 200 is not inclusive of all components of the navigation device,but is only representative of many example components.

The navigation device 200 is located within a housing (not shown). Thehousing includes a processor 210 connected to an input device 220 and adisplay screen 240. The input device 220 can include a keyboard device,voice input device, touch panel and/or any other known input deviceutilized to input information; and the display screen 240 can includeany type of display screen such as an LCD display, for example. Theinput device 220 and display screen 240 are integrated into anintegrated input and display device, including a touchpad or touchscreeninput wherein a user need only touch a portion of the display screen 240to select one of a plurality of display choices or to activate one of aplurality of virtual buttons.

In addition, other types of output devices 250 can also include,including but not limited to, an audible output device. As output device241 can produce audible information to a user of the navigation device200, it is equally understood that input device 240 can also include amicrophone and software for receiving input voice commands as well. Inthe navigation device 200, processor 210 is operatively connected to andset to receive input information from input device 240 via a connection225, and operatively connected to at least one of display screen 240 andoutput device 241, via output connections 245, to output informationthereto. Further, the processor 210 is operatively connected to memory230 via connection 235 and is further adapted to receive/sendinformation from/to input/output (I/O) ports 270 via connection 275,wherein the I/O port 270 is connectible to an I/O device 280 external tothe navigation device 200. The external I/O device 270 may include, butis not limited to an external listening device such as an earpiece forexample. The connection to I/O device 280 can further be a wired orwireless connection to any other external device such as a car stereounit for hands-free operation and/or for voice activated operation forexample, for connection to an ear piece or head phones, and/or forconnection to a mobile phone for example, wherein the mobile phoneconnection may be used to establish a data connection between thenavigation device 200 and the internet or any other network for example,and/or to establish a connection to a server via the internet or someother network for example.

The navigation device 200 may establish a “mobile” or telecommunicationsnetwork connection with the server 302 via a mobile device 400 (such asa mobile phone, PDA, and/or any device with mobile phone technology)establishing a digital connection (such as a digital connection viaknown Bluetooth technology for example). Thereafter, through its networkservice provider, the mobile device 400 can establish a networkconnection (through the internet for example) with a server 302. Assuch, a “mobile” network connection is established between thenavigation device 200 (which can be, and often times is mobile as ittravels alone and/or in a vehicle) and the server 302 to provide a“real-time” or at least very “up to date” gateway for information.

The establishing of the network connection between the mobile device 400(via a service provider) and another device such as the server 302,using the internet 410 for example, can be done in a known manner. Thiscan include use of TCP/IP layered protocol for example. The mobiledevice 400 can utilize any number of communication standards such asCDMA, GSM, WAN, etc.

As such, an internet connection may be utilized which is achieved viadata connection, via a mobile phone or mobile phone technology withinthe navigation device 200 for example. For this connection, an internetconnection between the server 302 and the navigation device 200 isestablished. This can be done, for example, through a mobile phone orother mobile device and a GPRS (General Packet Radio Service)-connection(GPRS connection is a high-speed data connection for mobile devicesprovided by telecom operators; GPRS is a method to connect to theinternet.

The navigation device 200 can further complete a data connection withthe mobile device 400, and eventually with the internet 410 and server302, via existing Bluetooth technology for example, in a known manner,wherein the data protocol can utilize any number of standards, such asthe GSRM, the Data Protocol Standard for the GSM standard, for example.

The navigation device 200 may include its own mobile phone technologywithin the navigation device 200 itself (including an antenna forexample, wherein the internal antenna of the navigation device 200 canfurther alternatively be used). The mobile phone technology within thenavigation device 200 can include internal components as specifiedabove, and/or can include an insertable card (e.g. Subscriber IdentityModule or SIM card), complete with necessary mobile phone technologyand/or an antenna for example. As such, mobile phone technology withinthe navigation device 200 can similarly establish a network connectionbetween the navigation device 200 and the server 302, via the internet410 for example, in a manner similar to that of any mobile device 400.

For GRPS phone settings, the Bluetooth enabled device may be used tocorrectly work with the ever changing spectrum of mobile phone models,manufacturers, etc., model/manufacturer specific settings may be storedon the navigation device 200 for example. The data stored for thisinformation can be updated.

FIG. 2 further illustrates an operative connection between the processor210 and an antenna/receiver 250 via connection 255, wherein theantenna/receiver 250 can be a GPS antenna/receiver for example. It willbe understood that the antenna and receiver designated by referencenumeral 250 are combined schematically for illustration, but that theantenna and receiver may be separately located components, and that theantenna may be a GPS patch antenna or helical antenna for example.

Further, it will be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art thatthe electronic components shown in FIG. 2 are powered by power sources(not shown) in a conventional manner. As will be understood by one ofordinary skill in the art, different configurations of the componentsshown in FIG. 2 are considered within the scope of the presentapplication. For example, the components shown in FIG. 2 may be incommunication with one another via wired and/or wireless connections andthe like. Thus, the scope of the navigation device 200 of the presentapplication includes a portable or handheld navigation device 200.

In addition, the portable or handheld navigation device 200 of FIG. 2can be connected or “docked” in a known manner to a motorized vehiclesuch as a car or boat for example. Such a navigation device 200 is thenremovable from the docked location for portable or handheld navigationuse.

FIG. 3 illustrates an example block diagram of a server 302 and anavigation device 200 capable of communicating via a genericcommunications channel 318. The server 302 and a navigation device 200can communicate when a connection via communications channel 318 isestablished between the server 302 and the navigation device 200 (notingthat such a connection can be a data connection via mobile device, adirect connection via personal computer via the internet, etc.).

The server 302 includes, in addition to other components which may notbe illustrated, a processor 304 operatively connected to a memory 306and further operatively connected, via a wired or wireless connection314, to a mass data storage device 312. The processor 304 is furtheroperatively connected to transmitter 308 and receiver 310, to transmitand send information to and from navigation device 200 viacommunications channel 318. The signals sent and received may includedata, communication, and/or other propagated signals. The transmitter308 and receiver 310 may be selected or designed according to thecommunications requirement and communication technology used in thecommunication design for the navigation system 200. Further, it shouldbe noted that the functions of transmitter 308 and receiver 310 may becombined into a signal transceiver. Server 302 is further connected to(or includes) a mass storage device 312, noting that the mass storagedevice 312 may be coupled to the server 302 via communication link 314.The mass storage device 312 contains a store of navigation data and mapinformation, and can again be a separate device from the server 302 orcan be incorporated into the server 302.

The navigation device 200 is adapted to communicate with the server 302through communications channel 318, and includes processor, memory, etc.as previously described with regard to FIG. 2, as well as transmitter320 and receiver 322 to send and receive signals and/or data through thecommunications channel 318, noting that these devices can further beused to communicate with devices other than server 302. Further, thetransmitter 320 and receiver 322 are selected or designed according tocommunication requirements and communication technology used in thecommunication design for the navigation device 200 and the functions ofthe transmitter 320 and receiver 322 may be combined into a singletransceiver.

Software stored in server memory 306 provides instructions for theprocessor 304 and allows the server 302 to provide services to thenavigation device 200. One service provided by the server 302 involvesprocessing requests from the navigation device 200 and transmittingnavigation data from the mass data storage 312 to the navigation device200. Another service provided by the server 302 includes processing thenavigation data using various algorithms for a desired application andsending the results of these calculations to the navigation device 200.

The communication channel 318 generically represents the propagatingmedium or path that connects the navigation device 200 and the server302. Both the server 302 and navigation device 200 include a transmitterfor transmitting data through the communication channel and a receiverfor receiving data that has been transmitted through the communicationchannel.

The communication channel 318 is not limited to a particularcommunication technology. Additionally, the communication channel 318 isnot limited to a single communication technology; that is, the channel318 may include several communication links that use a variety oftechnology. For example, the communication channel 318 can be adapted toprovide a path for electrical, optical, and/or electromagneticcommunications, etc. As such, the communication channel 318 includes,but is not limited to, one or a combination of the following: electriccircuits, electrical conductors such as wires and coaxial cables, fiberoptic cables, converters, radio-frequency (rf) waves, the atmosphere,empty space, etc. Furthermore, the communication channel 318 can includeintermediate devices such as routers, repeaters, buffers, transmitters,and receivers, for example.

For example, the communication channel 318 includes telephone andcomputer networks. Furthermore, the communication channel 318 may becapable of accommodating wireless communication such as radio frequency,microwave frequency, infrared communication, etc. Additionally, thecommunication channel 318 can accommodate satellite communication.

The communication signals transmitted through the communication channel318 include, but are not limited to, signals as may be required ordesired for given communication technology. For example, the signals maybe adapted to be used in cellular communication technology such as TimeDivision Multiple Access (TDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access(FDMA), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Global System for MobileCommunications (GSM), etc. Both digital and analogue signals can betransmitted through the communication channel 318. These signals may bemodulated, encrypted and/or compressed signals as may be desirable forthe communication technology.

The server 302 includes a remote server accessible by the navigationdevice 200 via a wireless channel. The server 302 may include a networkserver located on a local area network (LAN), wide area network (WAN),virtual private network (VPN), etc.

The server 302 may include a personal computer such as a desktop orlaptop computer, and the communication channel 318 may be a cableconnected between the personal computer and the navigation device 200.Alternatively, a personal computer may be connected between thenavigation device 200 and the server 302 to establish an internetconnection between the server 302 and the navigation device 200.Alternatively, a mobile telephone or other handheld device may establisha wireless connection to the internet, for connecting the navigationdevice 200 to the server 302 via the internet.

The navigation device 200 may be provided with information from theserver 302 via information downloads which may be periodically updatedupon a user connecting navigation device 200 to the server 302 and/ormay be more dynamic upon a more constant or frequent connection beingmade between the server 302 and navigation device 200 via a wirelessmobile connection device and TCP/IP connection for example. For manydynamic calculations, the processor 304 in the server 302 may be used tohandle the bulk of the processing needs, however, processor 210 ofnavigation device 200 can also handle much processing and calculation,oftentimes independent of a connection to a server 302.

As indicated above in FIG. 2, a navigation device 200 includes aprocessor 210, an input device 220, and a display screen 240. The inputdevice 220 and display screen 240 are integrated into an integratedinput and display device to enable both input of information (via directinput, menu selection, etc.) and display of information through a touchpanel screen, for example. Such a screen may be a touch input LCDscreen, for example, as is well known to those of ordinary skill in theart. Further, the navigation device 200 can also include any additionalinput device 220 and/or any additional output device 241, such as audioinput/output devices for example.

FIGS. 4A and 4B are perspective views of a navigation device 200. Asshown in FIG. 4A, the navigation device 200 may be a unit that includesan integrated input and display device 290 (a touch panel screen forexample) and the other components of FIG. 2 (including but not limitedto internal GPS receiver 250, microprocessor 210, a power supply, memorysystems 220, etc.).

The navigation device 200 may sit on an arm 292, which itself may besecured to a vehicle dashboard/window/etc. using a large suction cup294. This arm 292 is one example of a docking station to which thenavigation device 200 can be docked. As shown in FIG. 4B, the navigationdevice 200 can be docked or otherwise connected to an arm 292 of thedocking station by snap connecting the navigation device 292 to the arm292 for example (this is only one example, as other known alternativesfor connection to a docking station are within the scope of the presentapplication). The navigation device 200 may then be rotatable on the arm292, as shown by the arrow of FIG. 4B. To release the connection betweenthe navigation device 200 and the docking station, a button on thenavigation device 200 may be pressed, for example (this is only oneexample, as other known alternatives for disconnection to a dockingstation are within the scope of the present application).

Referring now to FIG. 5A, the software of the device may typically beprovided with a plurality of user-settable preferences. Examples includethe setting of display colors, voice and spoken instruction preferences,information display preferences such as the manner in which street namesand other useful navigation instructions may be displayed, and devicestart-up preferences. The setting of such options is commonly achieved,after a user touches the screen of the device, by displaying a menu,optionally scrollable, of various user-selectable icons and/or text,subsequent selection of which results in the display of either one ormore further menus of selectable icons or text, or a particularoption-setting screen, two examples of which are shown at 500 and 502 inFIG. 5A. As can be seen from the figure, these two screen-shots relateto the setting of slightly different options within the machine. Thescreen shot 500 enables the device to prompt the user for verificationof device-determined map data errors in their neighbourhood, such beingdefined with reference to a previously user-set “home location” storedin the device memory, for example within a pre-determined thresholddistance of that home location. The screen shot 502 enables the deviceto prompt the user for verification of device-determined map data errorsalong roads which the user often drives, such possibly being determinedwith reference to a log file of the device movements over apredetermined time period. In further embodiments, options may exist topermit the device to automatically, that is without issuing any promptor verification, make map data corrections, or to amend such correctionsas may already exist and being applied to the base map data files storedin the device memory.

In FIG. 5B, the screen shot 504 schematically indicates how the devicemight issue a prompt for verification to the user, such possibly alsooptionally being accompanied by an audible output, such as a beep orspoken warning. A number of factors may be involved in the display of averification prompt such as that illustrated at 504 being “Is ‘TownStreet’ a one way street?”, and these are explained below. Furthermore,it is to be mentioned that although the following description relatessubstantially to real-time prompting of the user as he moves with thedevice, it is equally possible for the device to log potentialcorrection information together with standard log data, and for theverification of correction data to occur much later in time than theactual determination by the device that potential corrections may berequired. For instance, in the case where the persistent logging ofdevice location data occurs, the log data may be transmitted back to acentral processing facility with similar data from other device usersfor collation, analysis and filtering, and for specific correction datato be returned to the user for subsequent verification at a time otherthan when driving or otherwise traveling with the device. In thisinstance, the returned data might take the form of a quiz consisting ofa number of different verification requests for corrections eitherwithin a predetermined distance of a user's home location, or alongroads along which the device user often travels.

In a real-time prompting mode however, as the device displays mapinformation during a free-driving or navigation mode, the currentposition of the device is generally known or approximated, as are anumber of other parameters concerning the current motion of the device,such as angular and linear speed and acceleration and general directionof travel, such being motion-specific parameters, together (possibly)with a number of pre-set parameters specifying the type of vehicle ormode of transport with which the device is currently associated, suchbeing vehicle-specific parameters. Examples of this latter type ofparameter include the vehicle type, size, weight, typical occupancylevels and the like.

Accordingly, as these various parameters are known to the device, it ispossible for the device to not only to graphically represent relevantmap information on its screen (as forms part of the normal operation ofthe device in its free-driving and navigation modes), but also for thedevice to determine from the underlying map information (and correctionsapplicable thereto) certain other parameters specific to the particularroad or intersection at that time being traversed by the device.Examples of these so-called map-specific parameters might include actualor calculated restrictions on the manner of travel along a road orthrough an intersection, or the mode of travel permissible, specificallyone-way street travel directions, road speed restrictions, intersectionturn restrictions, the severity of bends along a road or through anintersection, weight, width or height restrictions, and timerestrictions on particular modes of travel along roads or throughintersections as well as time restrictions on when such may be open orclosed.

Thereafter, a comparison of the vehicle- and/or motion-specificparameters, and/or indeed the current device location, may be made oneor more device-determined map-specific parameters, whereupon the devicecan determine whether any of the former parameters or its currentlocation is in conflict with the relevant map-specific parameter, and ifso, the device may take appropriate secondary action, such logging,creating, or modifying specific correction data, or issuing appropriateprompts or warnings to the user before, during or after such logging,creation, or modification has occurred.

Although this description relates to the embodiment of the inventionwherein the vehicle- and motion-specific parameters are primarilycalculated by a stand-alone navigation device, it should be specificallymentioned that such a device may receive vehicle- and motion-specificdata from one or more sensors commonly or specifically provided withinthe vehicle in which the device is situated, or in the fabric of whichthe navigation system is installed at build time. Notwithstanding suchdifferent embodiments, it is envisaged that the signals received by thedevice or system are merely electronic or electric indications of suchvehicle- or motion specific parameters, and the receipt of such by thedevice or system merely reduces device/system processor overhead interms of specific calculations required to obtain such parameters fromdata available to, or at any time extant within said device or system.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 5B, map information is being displayedand the device has determined that the current location, indicated at506A is along “Flower St”, the name of which is indicated at 508. Thedevice also determines that its direction of travel is towards anintersection from which one of the radiating streets is “Town St” 510which is indicated as being a one-way street by means of a suitabledirectional identifier 512. Accordingly, if the device approaches andthen travels through the intersection, and subsequently along “Town St”in a direction opposite to the direction of permissible vehicular travelindicated in map data, its location being now 506B, then while thelocation of the device is still permissible for “Town St.”, itsdirection of travel is at odds with the map data. Therefore, inaccordance with any pre-set option for prompting, the device may takeany of a number of different secondary actions.

One of such secondary actions is to cause prompt text 514 “Is ‘Town St.’a one-way street?”, and accompanying selectable option buttons 516A,516B, 516C, to be displayed to allow the user to quickly verify whetherthe underlying map data within the device is at fault, whether the useris at fault, or to enter some indeterminate state information as to theveracity of the map data. As will be appreciated, user verification ofthe veracity of the proposed correction while driving may not beappropriate, and therefore, in one embodiment, the device or system maydelay the verification of this and other corrections until the userreaches a destination, or the device determines that it is beenstationary for a predetermined time, or by any other suitable timedelay. However, regardless of when the verification occurs, the devicewill have stored some indication that an apparent conflict occurredbetween a map-specific parameter, in this case the permissible directionof travel along “Town St.”, and a device-determined motion-specificparameter, in this case the fact that, at a certain time or times, thedirection of travel along “Town St.” was opposed to that indicated aspermissible in map data. Such indication may be considered in essence acorrection, and whether such is temporary or permanent may depend on thesubsequent verification or rejection performed by the user.

Screen shot 518 provides a simple (optional) “thank you” to the user forverifying any map correction data which may be or may have beenautomatically created or modified, as a result of the user's response tothe prompt. The format of the correction or modification may be of anysuitable type, but most preferably would include an indication of therelevant location of the device, such as its specific location or therelevant road or intersection, or a range of such locations, and thenature of the determined map-data error resulting from the apparentconflict between any of:

-   -   the current location,    -   one or more vehicle-specific parameters,    -   one or more motion-specific parameters, and        said one or more map-specific parameters. Possible additional        information may include some indication of time, for example        being that time at which the comparison between the above        parameters was made, or that at which the user verified the map        data error, or any other suitable or relevant time as might be        appropriate. Further optional data stored as part of the        correction may include some category information specific to the        device or user thereof in terms of a trust level applicable to        the stored correction.

All the data embodied in a correction may be stored in the same mannerin the device memory as other previously stored corrections, andfurthermore may be utilized in the same manner as such corrections,inasmuch as such corrections may be utilized in route calculation,guidance and navigation functions of the device.

Other examples of the types of verification required by the user may beseen in the screen-shots illustrated in FIGS. 6-12. Although thesescreen shots are typical of verification prompts which may be displayedafter the device user has completed his journey, it is equally possiblethat such prompts may be displayed en-route or while driving. Forexample in screen shot 520, prompt text 522 requests of the user whetherit is possible, when traveling along “Bridge Street” indicated at 524,it is possible to turn right at intersection 526 into “Flower St”. Sucha “turn restriction” may be in force regardless of whether “FlowerStreet” is one- or two-way, and therefore would typically be identifiedseparately from a travel direction restriction for that road. This typeof prompt would generally appear at some time after a user has made sucha manouevre, such thus being in contravention of the turn restriction atthat time extant within the map data of the device.

In screen shot 530 FIG. 7, it is to be noted that the prompt text 532 isspecific to both a type of vehicle, and a type of manouevre, andtherefore demonstrates that different types of parameter may be comparedby the device simultaneously or consecutively as the device travels in anavigation or free-driving mode. In this case, the map-specificparameters derived by the device from map information would include bothany turn restriction in force at the intersection 526, and also anyvehicle restriction prevailing on “Flower Street”. Of course, for theinvention to be applicable to the vehicle-specific parameter, the userwould need to set an option indicating that the device was being usedfor motorcycle navigation, or the device would require a pre-set optionindicating such vehicle type.

In FIG. 8, screen shot 534 provides a verification prompt relating tothe possible existence of road works on “Town Street”, as indicated atprompt text 536. This Figure illustrates a yet further embodiment of theinvention wherein

-   -   the device is operating in a navigation mode,    -   the route being navigated includes “Town Street”, and    -   the user deviates from the planned route so as to avoid        traveling along “Town Street”.

In this embodiment, the device makes a comparison between a currentlocation and a pre-programmed route, and determines that the route wasnot followed at a particular intersection. Of course, this event may beautomatically recorded as described above, but the prompt which issubsequently displayed may relate to any of a number of possible causesfor the user not following the calculated route. Various examples mightinclude, of course, the existence of road works, turn restrictions,vehicle and/or other access restrictions, such as for example beingbased on time of day, and the like. Accordingly, although the prompttext 536 relates only to one possible restriction on “Town Street”, suchmay require replacement by a number of different selectable optionsrelating to the various possible events or causes for the user notfollowing a route which included this street.

Furthermore, an alternative embodiment of the invention and relating toa device operating in a navigation mode, is shown in FIG. 9. The screenshot 538 includes prompt text 540 requesting the user to confirm whetherpreviously identified road works along town street no longer prevail.Such a prompt might be issued in response to the device previouslyidentifying that the user had travelled along town street in either afree driving or navigation mode, thus raising a conflict betweenmap-specific data (i.e. the road works preventing travel therealongeither in one direction or completely), and the device location and/ordirection of travel (i.e. Town Street).

Finally, FIGS. 10 & 11 provide screen shots 542, 544 respectively offurther user verification prompts relating to vehicle accessrestrictions in terms of time and type, such prompts again being issuedsubsequent to a vehicle of a particular type traveling along therelevant street at a time when map data indicates such travel isimpermissible.

1. A method of operating a navigation system, the navigation systemincluding memory to store map data, including one or more base map datafiles; a display; and a GPS signal reception and processing device bywhich a current location is determinable, and by which a basis is formedfor navigation, route guidance, and map information display on thedisplay, the method comprising: correlating a current location of thenavigation system with the stored map data to derive one or moremap-specific parameters for the current location; and comparing thederived one or more map-specific parameters with one or more of amotion-specific parameter, a vehicle-specific parameter, and the currentlocation, to determine whether the one or more of the current location,motion-specific parameter and vehicle-specific parameter is permissibleor appropriate for the derived one or more map-specific parameters; andperforming at least one secondary action in the event that it isdetermined that the one or more of the current location, motion specificparameter and vehicle-specific parameter and the derived one or moremap-specific parameters are not permissible or appropriate for oneanother.
 2. A method according to claim 1 wherein the secondary actionincludes at least one of the following: issuing a prompt to a user ofthe navigation system to confirm whether the one or more of the currentlocation, motion specific parameter and vehicle-specific parameter isappropriate or possible or whether the result of the comparison can beignored, issuing a warning to the user indicating an impossibility orinappropriateness of said one or more of the current location, motionspecific parameter and vehicle-specific parameter with regard to thederived one or more map-specific parameters, and automatically creatinga new, or altering, qualifying, correcting or deleting a previouslyexisting, map data correction including at least some locationinformation and some correction identifying information flagging, addingmeta-data to, or otherwise identifying at least one recorded entry inGPS trace log data, the meta-data being commonly stored in thenavigation device during operation every few seconds or other suitableperiod.
 3. A method according to claim 2, wherein the locationinformation provided in a new map data correction is determined at thetime of, subsequent to, or within a threshold time of the comparisonbetween the derived one or more map-specific parameters and one or moreof the motion-specific parameter, the vehicle-specific parameter, andthe current location.
 4. A method according to claim 2, wherein thecorrection identifying information provided in a new map data correctionincludes, is indicative of, is derived from, or forms the basis for, thederived one or more map-specific parameters with which the currentlocation, motion-specific parameter and the vehicle-specific parameterwas not permissible or appropriate for.
 5. A method according to claim1, wherein the navigation system is provided or associated with one ormore sensors from which the one or more motion-specific parameters isderivable, said parameter being one or more of a current traveldirection, current speed, at least one of a current linear and angularacceleration, or a current engine operating characteristic.
 6. A methodaccording to claim 1, wherein the navigation system locally stores avehicle-specific parameter being one or more of vehicle type, width,weight, length, and height.
 7. A method according to claim 1, whereinthe derived one or more map-specific parameters is one of a thoroughfareaccess restriction, a speed restriction, a turn restriction, acalculated suitable turn rate through a corner, or a thoroughfareheight/weight/width restriction.
 8. A method according to claim 1,wherein the navigation system is provided or associated with one or moresensors, including at least one of a gyroscope, an accelerometer, asystem clock, a speed sensor, a brake sensor, direction or headingsensor, a fuel gauge, and one or more engine operating characteristicsensors.
 9. A method according to claim 2, wherein the correction datais qualified by a trust level indicative of the nature of thecorrection, the trust level being ascribed on one or more of thefollowing bases: data originating from a base map data provider, datahaving been verified by a device provider, data originating from a POIto which a subscription has been established, data from a limited numberof “trusted” sources data having been reported by many people, or dataonly having been reported by relatively few people, and data originatedby a current user of the navigation device.
 10. A method according toclaim 9, wherein the correction is further qualified by a particularvalidity duration or other measure of time.
 11. A computer readablemedium including a computer program comprising computer program codesegments adapted to perform the method of claim 1 when run on acomputer.
 12. (canceled)
 13. A navigation system, comprising: memory tostore map data including one or more base map data files; a display; GPSsignal reception and processing device by which a current location isdeterminable, and by which a basis is formed for navigation, routeguidance, and map information display on said display; and a processorto correlate a current location of the navigation system with saidstored map data to derive one or more map-specific parameters for thecurrent location and to compares said derived one or more map-specificparameters with one or more of a motion-specific parameter, avehicle-specific parameter, and the current location, to determinewhether the current location, motion-specific parameter orvehicle-specific parameter is permissible or appropriate for the derivedone or more map-specific parameters, and in the event that it isdetermined that the current location, motion-specific parameter, orvehicle-specific parameter and the derived one or more map-specificparameters are not permissible or appropriate for one another, to causeat least one secondary action to be performed.
 14. A navigation systemaccording to claim 13, further comprising or being in communicationwith, one or more sensors from which one or more vehicle-specificparameters or motion-specific parameters is determinable by thenavigation device.
 15. (canceled)
 16. A method of operating a navigationsystem, the navigation system including memory to store map data,including one or more base map data files; a display; and a GPS signalreception and processing device by which a current location isdeterminable, and by which a basis is formed for navigation, routeguidance, and map information display on the display, calculating aroute between a current location and a destination entered or selectedby a user; correlating the current location with said calculated routeto determine whether or not the calculated route is being followed bythe navigation device; and subsequently issuing, in the event that it isdetermined that the calculated route is not being followed by thenavigation device at least one prompt to a user of the navigation deviceincluding a request to confirm that one or more restrictions orconditions prevail along a portion of the calculated route immediatelyfollowing a point along said calculated route at which the navigationdevice determines that the calculated route is not being followed by thenavigation device, and then automatically creating a new, or altering,qualifying, correcting or deleting a previously existing, map datacorrection including at least some location information identifying saidportion of the calculated route and the one or more restrictions orconditions.
 17. A computer readable medium including a computer programcomprising computer program code segments adapted to perform the methodof claim 16 when run on a computer.
 18. The navigation system of claim13, wherein the navigation system is a portable navigation device (PND).19. The navigation system of claim 14, wherein the navigation system isa portable navigation device (PND).